Care begins
with people.

Diagnosis and treatment planning. Medical history, necessary examinations, X-ray interpretation and study models. Assessment of jaw relationships and occlusion. Periodontal, prosthetic, restorative and surgical considerations. Financial assessment of planned treatment.

Principles of periodontal disease prevention, periodontal examination, treatment planning and treatment. Oral hygiene tools, how to combine them, and their preventive and therapeutic effects.

Restoration of Black's cavity classes using different materials. Indications for amalgam, composite and glass ionomer. Demonstration of techniques and long-term assessment. Aesthetic materials for anterior restorations. Stratification and anatomical layering. Vital and post-endodontic whitening.

Traditional and new endodontic techniques. Comprehensive root canal treatment. Choosing instruments and materials correctly. Common treatment errors and their prevention. Post-endodontic treatment options for anterior and posterior teeth.

Treatment of primary teeth (excluding prevention). Tooth eruption disorders. Overview of oral pathology in childhood. Dental trauma in children.

Principles of comprehensive dental treatment planning: dental defects and biological factors; functional assessment of the stomatognathic system; clinical examination, model analysis and photography. Common defects and treatment options: small and large gaps, shortened dental arches, edentulous jaws and compromised periodontal support. Principles of aesthetic reconstruction, wax-ups and mock-ups. Interdisciplinary collaboration and the roles of periodontology, orthodontics, dentoalveolar surgery and maxillofacial surgery in a comprehensive plan.

Overview of primary and auxiliary prosthetic materials. Biocompatibility and biotolerance, skin tests and MELISA: interpretation and clinical relevance. Zirconia and disilicate: properties, indications and cementation. CAD/CAM technology: principles, systems and materials.

Examination of surgical patients, instruments and terminology in dentoalveolar surgery, asepsis, suturing and suture materials, anaesthesia and complications. Emergency procedures: incision and difficult tooth eruption. Tooth extraction: overview, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and alveoloplasty. Root-end surgery and retrograde endodontics.

Principles of treating medically at-risk patients. General approach to high-risk patients. Basic pharmacology in dental practice. Management of focal infection. Clinical case studies.

X-ray examination techniques and radiation protection. Following an overview of basic 2D techniques, the lecture focuses on 3D imaging, particularly cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). It covers CBCT technology and operation, advantages, limitations, indications and contraindications; basic radiation units and dentists' radiation protection responsibilities; and clinical cases in which CBCT is more useful than conventional X-rays.

Basic treatment protocols for different patient groups. Common emergencies in dental practice, equipment and staff preparedness. Emergency medicines: essential and optional drugs. Developments in emergency care. Clinical case studies.

Periodontal anatomy, clinical applications, gingival fluid and natural defence mechanisms. Microbial plaque: composition, development, periodontal defence mechanisms and biofilms.

Causes and development of gingivitis and periodontitis: microbial and immunological aspects. Classification of periodontal diseases. Gingival diseases, periodontitis and gingival recession. Clinical and radiographic findings, diagnosis and examination.

Initial periodontal treatment: organisation, instruments and equipment. Curettage, odontoplasty and root surface treatment.

Drug treatment of periodontitis. Endodontic-periodontal lesions. Furcation involvement and orthodontic treatment in periodontal patients. Traumatic occlusion. Periodontal splinting.

Periodontal surgery: principles, types of procedures, essential equipment, indications, sutures and dressings. Flap surgery.

Mucogingival surgery: indications, techniques and procedures. Principles and applications of guided tissue regeneration in periodontology. New findings, techniques and materials.

Genetic basis of periodontal diseases. Introduction to genetics and molecular biology methods.

Life-threatening emergencies in and beyond dental practice. Patient assessment, recognition of respiratory and cardiac arrest, and the chain of survival. Basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS), following current European Resuscitation Council (ERC) recommendations. Paediatric resuscitation. Automated external defibrillators (AEDs): principles, use and practical training. Resuscitation equipment for dental practices. Practical BLS and AED training on a manikin. Recommended emergency medicines and administration routes. Patient positioning. Protocols for syncope, hyperventilation tetany, reactions to local anaesthetics, hypoglycaemia, allergic reactions, hypertensive crisis, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias and seizures. Management of gagging, vomiting, aspiration, airway obstruction and chemical injuries to the eyes, mucous membranes or skin.